The spirit of laws

The book "The Spirit of Laws" is still a reference in modern political thought despite the passage of more than a hundred and fifty years since its release, and Montesquieu still leads the forefront of lights of lights alongside Rousseau, Voltaire, Dahru and other thinkers and philosophers of that time, which means that we are in front of a book He bet on many of the issues he made. When the name Montesquieu is mentioned, the theory of separation of the three authorities: executive, legislative and judicial authorities immediately come to mind, in describing one of the elements prescribed to prevent the establishment of an authoritarian state, but the book "The Spirit of Laws" is not limited to the theory of separating the authorities, as it is a branching book in which Montesquieu shows a political philosopher, A social scientist, a geographical researcher, and an entropy scientist, which makes the book a self -standing encyclopedia on politics, geography and races, in addition to sailing in forms of property and tax laws, also addresses the links of laws with various assets, so that it deals with the laws of nature and positive laws. Then he moves from it to discuss the nature of the existing governments, and he sees that the Republican government has its own laws on democracy, where the authority is sovereignty in it for the people in its various categories. As for the laws related to the nature of the aristocracy, they are entrusted with a number of people who perform the laws and implement them, and the rest of the people have, in the best cases, except as the parish of the king in ownership.