the social contract

John Locke (1632-1704) was an experimental English philosopher, one of the stars of the era of rationalism. The basis of his philosophy was reliance on experimental experience that curbs emotion. He considered the human mind in a newborn child to be a white page devoid of any writing or meaning, and everything that would be written on this page as a result Experience only. Although his philosophical theory of knowledge, ethics, and politics was based on empirical experience, he retained religious sentiment and maintained a balance between the aristocratic and bourgeois classes. David Hume (1711-1776), a fundamental philosopher in the history of the Scottish Enlightenment and Western philosophy, said that knowledge is the product of experience, and its basis is the individual's sensory perceptions, followed by his beliefs and ideas. Hume introduced the experimental method to the study of moral topics, including human understanding and emotions, establishing his philosophical theory in both knowledge and morality. His experimental method is based on refusing to start from any a priori notions about human nature. Hume followed the experimental method until its logical conclusions. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), philosopher and writer, born in Geneva and died in France, is one of the most important names of the European Enlightenment. His philosophy influenced the French Revolution and the founding fathers of America, and his book "The Social Contract" was considered a pillar. Social and political thought in the modern era. Rousseau believes that every creature has an instinctive drive towards self-preservation, and humans are distinguished over animals by only two characteristics: freedom and perfection. Freedom is the ability not to submit to instinct alone, and perfection is the ability to learn and thus find new ways to satisfy needs.

جان جاك روسو
رغم كونه بالأساس عالم نبات( 1712-1778م ) إلا أن شهرته جاءت من كونه فيلسوفاً وأديباً صاحب فكر إصلاحي ساهمت آراؤه في التمهيد لقيام الثورة الفرنسية؛ ولذلك يعد أحد أهم رواد عصر التنوير.. له عدد من المؤلفات الأدبية والفكرية التي يعد "العقد الاجتماعي" أهمها وأشهرها.