Research methodology in literature and language

Research methods are usually dealt with by philosophers, who devote a chapter or part to them in their writings, in which they address the philosophical foundations of each method in each science after completing their analysis of general thought processes. Although this research has value, it is mostly theoretical. This is because its writers are philosophers who did not specialize in the various sciences whose methods they talk about. Since personal practice is indispensable for guiding theoretical thought and establishing its relevance to reality, their writings can be said to be a mental culture and sport of thought rather than practical leadership and direction of research.
In contrast to this book, its publisher asked the greatest scientists in France to each write a chapter on the research method in the science in which he specialized and spent his life revealing its facts until he began to talk about his science as if he was narrating private memories.
It is sufficient for us to point out among these scholars immortal names such as "Durkheim" in sociology, "Monnot" in history, "Ribaud" in psychology, "Salmon Reinach" in archaeology, and finally "Lanson" in literature and "Maillet" in literature. linguistics.