Gems in art and history

To many groups and peoples at that time, jewelry represented a kind of worship supplies, and acquired meanings with sacred qualities, such as crystal stones among the Australians, gold among the ancient Egyptians, and a symbol of light and sunshine in South America. It is known that the metal gold was not known to man until after a thousand A year after the appearance of the stones, that is, 4000 years ago, when man was dazzled by its beauty, so it entered life and took the forefront and foundational place among the various types of jewelry, and this position is still at the top as a result of its rarity on the one hand, its beauty, the continuity of its material, its resistance to oxidation due to weather conditions, and its ability to transform into different models and shapes.
It has been said that precious stones were named so because of their rarity among other stones, and the most precious of all things is given to the best of them. Among its names are jewels, the essence of a thing is that which describes its nature, and the essence is the maker of jewels. The oldest use of gems dates back to the last ice age between 40,000 and 20,000 BC. Man in those ancient times knew about thirteen precious stones, including crystal and amber.
The Pharaonic civilization was distinguished by its skill in making jewelry, the most important of which were turquoise stones, as well as lapis lazuli and agate.